GENERAL APPEARANCE
Shoulder height: Minimum 45.7cm (l8"). 
Colour: Black, red, blue, fawn, cream or white.
Coat: Rough variety — Outercoat to be profuse, dense, abundant, straight and stand away from the body. Undercoat soft and woolly.
Smooth variety — Short, dense and abundant.
Gait: Stilted in hind movement and short stepping.
Leonine in appearance, these dignified dogs have a proud bearing. The sober and scowling expression is due to the dog’s small thick erect ears carried well forward over the eyebrows. Both muzzle and skull are broad and the eye and nose colour conforms to the coat colour. The eyes are fairly small and clean with no eyelids and lashes turning in or out from the eyeball. The strong broad body and the well boned legs with little hind angulation create the characteristic stilted movement of the breed. The small feet are catlike in shape. The tail is carried well over the back.
CHARACTERISTICS AND CARE
These proud Orientals have a possessive attitude to their homes, family and property — a characteristic which makes them excellent guard dogs.
Extreme in their aloofness, these dogs do not expect to be patted or cuddled, however this aloofness in no way affects their loyalty to their owners.
Due to the thickness of the coats in the Rough variety, they must be groomed weekly with a brush that reaches right through to the undercoat.
HISTORY
This member of the spitz family is believed to have evolved from crosses with the Tibetan Mastiff and the Samoyed. Their history has been traced back to the Chinese Han dynasty of about 150 BC and one of the largest
ever recorded kennels in the world, was maintained by a Chinese Emperor who reportedly had 2500 couples of hunting dogs of a Chow Chow type.
Not only were these dogs bred for food (hence the English title of Chow), they were also bred for the fur markets. In 1880, the Chow first made its appearance in England and by 1895, a specialist club had been formed. 

GENERAL APPEARANCE
Shoulderheight: Approx. 43-51cm (17”- 20”)
Colour: White body with or without lemon or orange markings.
Head is lightly marked and freckled.
Coat: Abundant, straight and silky. Chest and back of legs are well feathered.
Gait: Straight forward, effortless and rolling.
Being the heaviest, longest and lowest member of the Spaniel family, the characteristic rolling gait is created by the short legs and heavy body. The massive head and heavy eyebrows are balanced by a square lipped muzzle and large flesh coloured nostrils. Not needing far to reach the ground to scent, the neck is rather short. The short legs are well boned and the feet are large. The customary docked tail is carried level with the back.
CHARACTERISTICS AND CARE
Clumbers make good hunting dogs as their low slung bodies make it easy for them to creep beneath the bushes to retrieve game. The broad muzzles give them a soft mouth ensuring little damage is done to the retrieved birds.
These spaniels love adults and children alike, and although sensitive, loyal and protective to their family, they do not make good guard dogs. They need plenty of exercise and their affinity with people makes them easily trainable. Coats needs regular brushing with special attention paid to their ears.
HISTORY
Like the Sussex Spaniel, the Clumber differs quite noticeably from other early land spaniels, cock-flushers, springers and the like. The breed is believed to have evolved from crosses between the Basset Hound and the early Alpine Spaniel. They derive their name from Clumber Park, the home of the Duke of Norfolk who is reported to have received some of these spaniels from the French Duc de Noailles in the mid 1700s. In 1859, the breed popularity and numbers were great enough for Clumbers to be allocated special classes at shows. 

GENERAL APPEARANCE
Shoulder height: 38-41cm (15”-16”).
Colour: Black, Black/tan, Gold, Liver or Orange with or without white.
Roans which are the above colours with white hairs mingled evenly in the colour.
Coat: Flat, silky but never wiry, wavy, profuse or too curly. The forelegs, body and hindlegs above the hocks should be well feathered.
Gait: Sound ground covering movement and the tail wagging incessantly.
These merry little spaniels emanate activity and happiness. The gentle but wide awake eyes with their melting expressions, are set midway in the cleanly chiselled heads. The muscular neck flows into a compact body, with a level topline which then slopes slightly to the customary docked tail. The well angulated muscular fore and hindquarters provide the required concentrated power.
CHARACTERISTICS AND CARE
Bred originally for retrieving and hunting, these spaniels have fine noses for scenting and are untiring in their work flushing out game or retrieving a shot bird for their master. Being amenable to training, they make excellent house dogs and can adapt to either city or country life, however, they do need plenty of exercise and have a tendency to bark enthusiastically. The flat silky coats do not hold dirt and are easily maintained with periodic brushing. Like many of the drop eared breeds, the ears should be regularly checked for cleanliness and to be free of things like grass seeds.
HISTORY
This breed is one of the earliest known land spaniels and derives its name from the Spanish word ‘Espanol’ - Spain being the country where they were evolved in the 14th century. In England these dogs were bred down in size from the English Springer Spaniel to get the Cocker as we know him today.
This new strain earned their name through their skill in flushing out and retrieving woodcocks for the hunters. In turn, when this Cocker was bred down in size, the result was the English Toy Spaniel and Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. 

GENERAL APPEARANCE
Shoulder height: 33.75-39.25cm (13½”-15½”).
Colour: Parti-colour, black or ASCOB i.e. Any Solid Colour Other than Black (including roans) - with or without tan markings. 
Coat: Silky, flat or slightly wavy but not so long as to impede action. On the head and top of ears, the hair is shorter.
Gait: Smoothly co-ordinated with strong fore reach and hind propulsion.
Differing from the English Cocker Spaniel in the shape of the head, hindquarters and size, the American Cocker is the smallest member of the Gundog group. The skull is well rounded with a definite stop and square muzzle. The low set ears are well feathered and hang to the side of the head. The body is compact and the topline slopes slightly to the tail which in action, should wag merrily. The hindquarters are angulated with clearly defined thighs.
CHARACTERISTICS AND CARE
Easily adaptable to both country or city apartment life, these spaniels are very popular in America where they have earned their place as a favourite.
They love people, are extremely loyal and are easy to train. While not excelling in guard dog duties, they do very well in obedience classes. When trained to the gun, they are expected to cover all the ground within shooting distance, and once the game has been flushed out, the dog will sit and wait for his master to fire his gun. On a further command, the dog then will retrieve the game from either water or land. Regular brushing and combing is essential to keep the coat free of knots. 
HISTORY 
The spaniel family can be traced back to the mid 14th century in Spain where ‘spaynells’ were used for either water or land retrieving, and ‘cocking’ spaniels for their proficiency with Woodcock. It was not until approximately 1880 that the Cocker Spaniel arrived in America from Britain and from those dogs, the Americans developed their new strain. 

GENERAL APPEARANCE
Shoulder height: 51-61cm (20”-24”).
Colour: Sable/white, tricolour or blue merle.
Coat: Rough variety - harsh straight outercoat with a soft furry under coat.
Short hair on the head, ears and lower legs, and an abundant mane on the neck and feathering on the rear of hindquarters.
Smooth variety - short harsh outercoat.
Gait: Fore and hindlegs move out soundly with elbows, hocks and feet turning neither in nor out.
These herding dogs combine beauty of structure with working abilities.
The barely perceptible stop is set midway in the long wedge shaped head and the semi erect ears are placed high on the skull. The beautiful obliquely set almond shaped eyes are normally dark, but in the case of blue merles, one, both or part of the eye may be china blue or blue flecked. The neck runs into a slightly long body with a deep chest. Fore pasterns must be springy and the hindquarters well angulated. The long plumed tail may be raised in action or when excited.
CHARACTERISTICS AND CARE
Collies are excellent guard dogs having been originally bred to herd and guard sheep - instincts they have never lost. They best respond to firm kind training and discipline, but may become stubborn if subjected to harsh treatment. In domestic situations, they are gentle and friendly with no trace of aggression and make excellent companions for people of all ages.
Minimal trimming is needed, but in the Rough variety regular grooming with a pin brush that reaches through to the undercoat is necessary.
HISTORY
Herding is one of the earliest occupations for dogs. Thus, it is not surprising that the Collie’s ancestry goes back some 2,000 years to the days of the Romans. In northern Scotland where sheep raising was an important industry during the 16th and 17th centuries, the farmers developed the distinctive type of sheep herder that we know as the Collie. Generally it was the Rough coated Collie that was used for working with sheep.