GENERAL APPEARANCE
Shoulder height: Approx. 51 cm
Colour: Liver/white or black/white with or without tan.
Coat: Weather resisting, straight with some feathering.
Gait: Forelegs swinging freely from the shoulder, ground covering with plenty of drive.
The tallest of all the British land Spaniels, the English Springer is a well balanced, compact and strong dog. The dark hazel, almond shaped eyes are set midway between the slightly indented skull and the deep square lipped muzzle. The slightly arched neck runs into a back and the loins should not be so short as to restrict flexibility. The shoulders must be well laid back but only moderate angulation in the hindquarters is called for. The customary docked tail is set low and should be lively in action.
CHARACTERISTICS AND CARE
These dual purpose members of the gundog group excel in retrieving in field trials and springing game for the net, falcon or greyhound. Although eager learners, repetitive exercises in obedience classes are likely to bore them. They are extremely lovable, loyal and amenable house dogs and being good with children, make ideal family pets. Although not aggressive, they will warn the family of intruders. Periodic grooming keeps Springers’ coats tidy and presentable.
HISTORY
Except for the Clumber Spaniel, the English Springer is the taproot from which all English land spaniels have evolved. As sizes varied, spaniels fell into different classifications due to being utilized for different purposes.
From about 1800 on, spaniels under 6.7kg (l4lb) were known as lap (toy) spaniels; from 6.7-13kg (14-28lb) they were known as Cooking Spaniels and those over 13kg (28lb) were known as Field Spaniels, English or Welsh Springer Spaniels. It was not until the 20th century that the English Springer was separated from the others and became a separate breed. 

GENERAL APPEARANCE
Shoulder height: 25-30cm
Colour: Black/tan.
Coat: Glossy, dense and smooth.
Gait: An extended trot is required - high stepping hackney gaits are to be faulted.
These elegant, sleek, cleanly built toy dogs should still give the appearance of being keen rat hunters. The erect ‘candle flame’ ears which are the hallmark of the breed, are placed high on the back of the long, narrow wedge shaped head. The small obliquely set almond shaped eyes should sparkle with interest. The gracefully arched neck runs into a compact body with a very slight arch in the topline which then runs into a low set, low carried tail.
Fine boned legs and well arched dainty feet are breed standard requirements.
CHARACTERISTICS AND CARE
Due to requirements of days long past, which called for these terriers to acquit themselves as ratters, today’s specimen still combines the plucky spirit, alertness and the speed of their ancestors. Besides being a game little dog, the intelligence of this breed makes them good watch dogs and loyal family friends. Weighing no more than 3.6kg (6-8lb), this breed is ideal for small homes and has the added virtue of clean easily maintained coats.
HISTORY 
Sometimes known as the Manchester Toy Terrier, they differ from their cousin the Manchester Terrier, in that they are about 12cm or S” shorter and secondly their ear tips do not drop forward. The origins of these dogs are found in the early English Black and Tan Terrier — a breed whose records go back to 1570. In earlier days, the primary purpose of these terriers was to keep the rat and mice population down in stables and yards, but they also fulfilled the sporting activities of rabbit coursing and competing in the rat pit. The arched topline and extra speed is due to crosses to the Whippet and smaller size from the Italian Greyhound. 

GENERAL APPEARANCE
Balanced, well constructed, medium sized dog of Spitz type with prick ears and coat in varied colours. Length of coat should be such as to still reveal the body proportions. Medium bone.
Important proportions , Length of back slightly longer than height at withers. The ratio of length of muzzle and length of skull is almost equal.
Height at withers: Dogs 52 to 60 cm; Bitches 48 to 56 cm
Weight: Dogs 23 to 32 kg; Bitches 18 to 26 kg
The coat all over the body is a thick undercoat and medium length, loosely lying, guard hairs. Short coat on muzzle, face, ears and front of legs. Tail, back of front legs, (feathering) and hind legs (breeches) covered with long hair. Coat on neck only slightly longer than on body, not forming a mane.
All colours and colour combinations are permitted with the exception of pure white, white patches or liver colour.
CHARACTERISTICS & CARE
Classified by the global canine organisation of the FCI. as a companion dog the Eurasier is self assured, calm, even tempered with high resistance to provocation. Watchful and alert without being noisy. Very strongly developed link to his family. Reserved towards strangers without being aggressive. No hunting instinct. For the full development of these qualities, the Eurasier needs constant, close domestic contact with his family and understanding yet consistent training.
HISTORY
The Eurasier is a relatively new Spitz-type dog breed originating in Germany. In the 1950’s the Wipfel family started to undertake the creation of an ideal family companion dog.
Julius Wipfel, the ‘father of the Eurasier’ had many collaborators and enthusiasts who all worked to help make this dream a reality. The aim was to create a medium size Spitz-type family dog, one that commanded respect but which also had a calm and even-tempered nature. It was to be attractive, with beautiful and varied colour coats. The new breed was to be adaptable and suitable to different family lifestyles, from city life to rural life.
The initial breeding plan was one of mating a select group of German Wolfspitz with early Chow Chows, which did not have the same appearance as today’s Chows. The new breed was named ‘Wolf-Chow’. Later, in 1972 after some debate amongst the leading Wolf-Chow enthusiasts, Wipfel chose to include the Samoyed. Soon after, the breed was recognised by the German Kennel Club (VDH) and the FCI in 1973 and was renamed the Eurasier. 

GENERAL APPEARANCE
Shoulder height: Approx. 45 cm 
Colour: Black, liver or roan with or without tan markings.
Coat: Flat, silky and glossy with good feathering. 
Gait: Long unhurried stride showing strong hind drive.
These noble upstanding sporting dogs are built for activity and endurance.
In spite of being relatively short legged, Field Spaniels are surprisingly heavy weighing up to 25kg. Apart from the prominent occiput, the balanced head is similar to that of the English Springer Spaniel. The eyes which depict a grave and gentle expression, are set midway in the head, and the ears are well feathered. The strong neck must be of sufficient length to easily retrieve game from the ground. The body is strong with moderately angulated hindquarters. The customary docked tail is lively in action.
CHARACTERISTICS AND CARE
These spaniels are ideal for outdoor life either for rough shooting or merely companions for the country dweller - they are not suitable for city life. Retrieving is natural to them, and in fact at times the retrieved object is not always what the owner wants. Although sensitive and very docile, their independence means they do not demand continual attention from their owners. This breed has a distinct advantage over other spaniels as they do not bark as much as their cousins. Only periodic grooming is required to keep the feathering free from tangles.
HISTORY
Like the Sussex Spaniel which was also evolved to work with hunters on foot, Field Spaniels have never been as popular as the other land spaniels (See also the history of the English Springer Spaniel). An Englishman, Phineas Bullock, was responsible for blending Sussex Spaniels and Welsh Cookers in order to get a spaniel with shorter legs and a longer heavier body but ultimately he created a dog that looked like caricatures of the breed. It was left to another enthusiast, Mortimer Smith, to breed the Field Spaniel back to its former appearance and working abilities. By the end of the 19th century, Field Spaniels became recognized as a breed in their own right. 

GENERAL APPEARANCE
Shoulder height: 40-52cm
Colour: Any colour, but black or dark brown most common. The main colour also must be found on head, neck, chest, legs and tail tip.
Coat: Outer coat long and coarse. undercoat thick and soft. Smooth on head and shorter on front of legs.
Gait: Strong true moving dog.
This member of the spitz family has a body slightly longer than its shoulder height. Broad slightly rounded skull with a shorter wedge shaped muzzle.
The eyes and nose are dark. The wide set mobile ears are erect but unlike other spitz breeds, the tips may drop over. The back is straight and the body is powerful. The fore and hindquarters are strong and the arched oval shaped feet are covered with thick hair. The bushy tail is usually carried over the back.
CHARACTERISTICS AND CARE
This versatile dog makes an ideal domestic companion being brave, calm, intelligent and faithful - but they are not overly friendly with strangers.
Due to their innate shepherding senses, they can be of greatvalue to farmers. Like most members of the spitz family, these dogs enjoy getting out and about. The coat only needs periodic brushing - but during a seasonal coat drop, more brushing is needed to ensure the undercoat does not knot and matt.
HISTORY
As the name infers, this breed became established by the Lapplanders in northern Scandinavia — the breed in Finland being known as the Finnish Lapphund and across the borderin Sweden it took on the Swedish title.
Originally used for hunting wild reindeer, in more recent times their herding instincts have been put to other uses by farmers.The Finnish Lapphund is a valuable house companion.